FROM

 HISTORY OF THE

PITTSBURGH WASHINGTON INFANTRY 102^nd (OLD 13^th) REGIMENT PENNSYLVANIA VETERAN VOLUNTEERS  AND ITS FOREBEARS

                                                                                                      1792 TO 1930

                                                                                                   by John H. Niebaum

Pages 86-113

While at the camp on Meridian Hill, September 13^th, 1861, the regiment was placed in Brigadier General John J. Peck’s Brigade, which then was composed of the 6^th New Jersey, 55^th and 62^nd New York, and the 102^nd (old 13^th) Pennsylvania.

The ‘6^th New Jersey did not remain long in the Brigade, its place being taken by the 93^rd, Pennsylvania.

September 26^th, 1861. Broke camp at Meridian Hill and went three or four miles to the front nearer Tenallytown and established Camp Holt. While there the Brigade with two others was formed into a Division under command of General Don Carlos Buell, who was soon transferred, and General E. D. Keyes became Division Commander. The regiment remained at Camp Holt until October 9^th, when we moved to Tenallytown, the Pennsylvania Reserves having crossed into Virginia. We occupied their old camps after relieving them.

On the 10^th or 11^th of October the 98^th Pennsylvania was added to the Brigade and as now composed, consisted of the 93^rd, 98^th, 102^nd Pennsylvania, 55^th and 62^nd, New York. We remained in camp at Tenallytown until March 10^th, 1862.

On March 8^th President Lincoln, having grown weary of waiting for Gen­eral McClellan to get busy, took the bit in his teeth and organized the army of the Potomac into four Corps, placing General McDowell in command of the 1^st Corps, General Sumner of the 2^nd, General Heinzelman of the 3^rd and General Keyes of the 4^th.

We now were of Peck’s Brigade, Couch’s Division and Keyes’ Corps. At this time Brigades, Divisions and Corps were known only by their commanders. Numbers and badges had not been adopted.

March 10^th, 1862. Broke camp at Tenallytown and crossed into Virginia via Chain Bridge. Halted about 4:00 P. M. at Prospect Hill and bivouacked our first night on the sacred soil of Virginia. The Johnnies had left just previous to our coming. Lay here three days and on the 13^th returned to Chain Bridge. It began to rain and we had to take it for two days and without tents. Then back to our old camp at Tenallytown where we remained eight days and where everything not belonging to the Government had been looted. Our winter’s quarters were all gone. These were eight days to be remembered. We were merely having a foretaste of the worst that was yet to come. On the 26^th with the balance of the Brigade we marched to Georgetown and took steamers to Alexandria, where we waited until the other Brigades of Couch’s Division joined us and where we took in tow sailing vessels loaded with horses and artillery.

Sailed from Alexandria on the 27^th. Passed Fortress Monroe on the morning of the 28^th, and after a tedious delay (to get our turn to land), landed the next day (the 28^th) at Hampton, whence we marched to Newport News. We were now on the Peninsula and started on our first campaign. The army of the Potomac, with Richmond as the objective point, was divided into two columns, the right column under General Sumner following the general direction near to the York River. The left column under General Keyes followed the James River. We were in the left column and started from Newport News on the morning of April 4^th, marched ten or twelve miles and bivouacked at youngs’ Mill, a short distance from the James River. Resumed the march at 6:00 A. M of April 5^th, 1862. Rained all day in torrents, roads almost impassable, some skirmishing with the Johnnies in our front. Our march that day was only five miles. The Brigade halted at Warwick Court House and our regiment extended down the Warwick River, between the “Rebs” and mud.

We were rapidly be-coming veterans. Here we stayed for one month almost to the day, supposed to be besieging Yorktown or helping to, until the morning of May 4^th, when the

Johnnies, having kept us in check long enough to suit their objects, ran away, leaving Yorktown on our hands. We started after them at once, our regiment in the advance, caught up with them at Fort Magruder, Williamsburg, about 2 o’clock, on the afternoon of May 5^th. We were put in line on the right of the road and then and there received our baptism of fire in a real battle. The fight continued for about three hours. The last shot from Fort Magruder, Wil­liamsburg, Va., was fired at 5:10. After dark the Rebs retreated.

The regiment lost six killed and twenty-eight wounded, as follows:

KILLED, 6

John Kiefer, Co. B; Charles Coward, Co. D; Andrew Leech and Owen W. Owens, Co. E; Joseph Miller, Co. F; Reece F. Neeld, Co. L (died of wounds May 23^rd, 1862).  

WOUNDED, 28

Israel J. Barry and William H. Bryan, Co. A; Joseph Simpson, Co. B; Lieut. Jacob Drum, Sergt. William D. Peterson and Isaac P. Harper, Co. C; Charles F. Clifford, Henry F. Cook and Michael Haney, Co. D; John Shook and Michael Nagel, Co. E; William Milligan, John Barker and Thomas Perry, Co. F; John Davis, Co. H; Lieut. T. A. McLaughlin, J. A. McLaughlin and Henry Jeremy, Co. I; William J. Black and J. P. Leonard, Co. K; Lieut. W. W. Fullwood, John D. Hughes, William Montgomery, James McCord and Thomas Welsh, Co. L; Lieut. W. R. Read, Lieut. C. H, Fullwood and A. L. Patterson, Co. M.

The Rebs having retreated, we soon started after them. Our course now was direct to Richmond and our Corps (Keyes) had the advance. On the 16^th of May, 1862, White House Landing was made the permanent headquarters of the army and the depot of supplies. The regiment was camped near New Kent Court House, having marched through Barhamsville and past Ropers Church. The entire army was now in line facing Richmond from 7 to 12 miles distant. The regiment reached New Kent Court House on the 13^th of May, 1862, five days after starting, a distance of 28 miles, and left Court House on the 16^th of May, arriving at Providence Church on the 20^th. May 21^st, 1862, made a reconnaisance toward the Chickahominy River. May 23^rd, crossed the Chicka­hominy at Bottoms Bridge and on the 25^th took position at Seven Pines where we encamped until the Battle of Fair Oaks, May 31^st and June 1^st. On the nights of the 30^th and 31^st the regiment endured probably the worst storm of its experience. It was tropical in its character and very violent. It is rare for a storm to be mentioned in the concise military reports, but this one was by almost every general officer.

The regiment was in line about 11:00 A. M., May 31^st, 1862, with Casey’s Division in front, where sharp firing and fighting was heard and seen. About 12:30 it became manifest that the Rebs were making an attack in great force and our Brigade was ordered to the front in support of Casey. The pickets broke and accompanied by camp followers, sick men (and stragglers) retreated in a steady stream to the rear, giving the impression of a panic. Between 1 and 2 o’clock Casey’s Division was forced back to the line of our Division where the fighting continued for about two hours. About 4 o’clock the 102^nd and 93^rd Regiments were ordered to advance and attack a large force of the enemy. Com­ing in on our right these regiments advanced under a heavy fire and formed a line oblique to the Nine Mile Road and held the position for one-half hour, doing great execution. Compelled at last to give way, the regiment crossed the Williamsburg Road to the woods where it took part in the last line of battle, formed about 6:00 P. M., and until the fighting ended about dark. On the following morning, June 1^st, 1862, the fighting was renewed and ended in the success of the Union Army and the re-establishing of the lines lost the previous day. Many members of the regiment thought we should have followed the Johnnies into Richmond. They were on the run and the ringing of bells and whistles blowing in that city were plainly heard but someone blundered or lost his head and two years afterward we had to do the work again, with an additional spilling of blood and loss of lives. The 102^nd loss at Fair Oaks was 17 killed and 44 wounded as follows:

KILLED, 17

Charles Hamilton and Robert Maxwell, Co. C; Lieut. W. B. Kenney, Co. D; Daniel Haney, William J. Wilson, John Gabby and John McKelvey, Co. B; Alex Bothwell, Co. F; John W. Cross, Samuel Meyers and Joseph G. Reddick, Co. H; C. L. Minnemeyer, Joseph Huck, C. H. Chamberlain, Hugh Donelly, John McClellan and John Tout, Co. M.

WOUNDED, 44

Col. Thomas A. Rowley and Adjt. Joseph Brown; James T. Whittaker and William McMains, Co. C; Sergt. George Duff, Patrick McCabe, Patrick Cronin, Mark Kenney, Patrick Kelly, James A. Mercer, George Massey, Charles McGrogan, James McKelvey and Ed-ward J. Snell, Co. D; Capt. J. W. Patterson, Arad Wilbar, Isaac B. Curry, Basil Bell, Thos. Brown, Christ Baker, James Douglas and Joseph Knox, Co. E; Lieut. Luke Loomis, Co. G; Capt. Thomas McLaughlin, Lieut. C. S. Barclay,    R. W. Lyon, Samuel E. Sullivan, Samuel Blaney, John G. Brown, Josiah McKissick, William J. Noel, Frank Robb, John H. Randolph, William Stoops, Herman Seaton, Robert Shira, David Smith, Nixon Wade, Watson J. Young and W. H. H. Wasson, Co. H; Thomas Asbury, Co. K; James W. List, Willison II. Robb and Benjamin R. Stanford, Co. M.

The 101^st P. V. was also engaged in this fight, commanded by Colonel D. B. Morris. “In this battle,” says Bates History, “every third man in the regiment was either killed or wounded, but the slaughter it inflicted was terrible. Colonel Morris had ordered his men at the opening of the fight to aim at the waist belt of the foe, and as he had come up within eighty yards, the fire was most effective, General Wessels declaring it unprecedented.

Colonel Morris was wounded early in the fight and carried from the field. Captain George W. Bowers was also wounded.

After the Battle of Fair Oaks there was a lull in the activity of the army, partly to give the men an opportunity to regain their physical strength and to recover from their exhaustion, and partly on account of the weather, which was so bad as to make military movements almost impossible. All the bridges had been carried away by the floods caused by the storm previously mentioned and the Chickahominy River divided the army in two parts, not a good thing from a military standpoint.

Keyes’ Corps was in reserve and was in camp near Savage Station. At this time General Casey was relieved from the command of his Division and placed in charge of the supply depot at White House Landing. Our Brigade Commander, General Peck, was given his Division and our new Brigade Com­mander was Brig. General Albion P. Howe, a regular officer, who had spent his military service in the artillery. He was a brave and efficient officer but he seemed to us to be unable to learn to distinguish between an artillery horse and an infantry soldier.

The regiment broke camp on the afternoon of the 29^th of June, 1862, and Crossing White Oak Swamp, halted near Turkey Bridge at the base of Malvern Hill, not far from the James River.

June 30^th, 1862, the entire army was placed in position on Malvern Hill, the 102^nd Regiment being on the extreme right of the line, and east of the West House (which was General Couch’s headquarters) and in front of Kingsbury’s and Seeton’s Batteries, the Berdan sharpshooters to our front in the wheatfield, as skirmishers. About 10:00 A. M., July 1^st, 1862, the “Rebs” skirmishers and artillery commenced feeling our lines. This continued until about 12:30, with no apparent damage to us, after which time the attempts were spasmodic until 4:00 P. M., when everything quieted down. It was the calm before the storm. At 5:30 the “Rebs” opened on us with artillery from their entire front and almost immediately pressed forward their infantry, which were literally mowed down by our batteries, using shrapnel, grape and canister. The regiment held its fire until the “Rebs” were within short range when they let loose and scattered the remnants left by the artillery. Column after column of the “Rebs” advanced in this manner only to receive the same treatment and be sent back on the run.

The fighting ceased between 7:30 and 8 o’clock in the evening. It had been a very trying day. Lying under fire and unable to return it is one of the most nerve-racking experiences the soldier undergoes. The 102^nd had its share of that experience at Malvern Hill.

The regiment lost at Malvern Hill nine killed and 35 wounded as follows:

KILLED, 9

Major John Poland; Arthur B. Elliott, Co. A; Daniel Franz, Samuel Ferdan and John Sanders, Co. C; Henry F. Cook, Co. D; John C. Hershman and John Sloss, Co. E; Lieut. Thomas Mooney, Co. K.

WOUNDED, 35

Thomas J. McClowry and Frank Hart, Co. A; William F. McClain, Shadrach Woods, Samuel N. Gillespie and David T. Reed, Co. B; Isaac DeGarmo, Co. C; James Connelley and Michael Fceny, Co. D; Joseph Thomas, Robert G. Dill and Thomas Morris, Co. E; James M. Porter, Peter Schildecker, Thomas Williams, John McDowell, Terrence McCarthy, John Porter, Marcus Barker, John Barker, Peter Keifer, George O’Meally, John T. Gray, Nicholas Hoffman, Henry Harper, Joseph Moon and Alex P. Callow, Co. F; David D. Morgan, William II. Cowan and Patrick Brady, Co. G; Michael Fair, Co. H; William J. Fullerton, Co. I; John Black and Samuel Perry, Co. K; Lieut. W. R. Read, Co. M.

At daybreak of July 2^nd, 1862, the regiment started for Harrison’s Landing, the new base of the army, and seven miles distant, where the regiment lay in camp for more than a month, doing guard duty and some work on the trenches behind which the army was crowded.

The want of room was prejudicial to the cleanliness as well as the well-being of the private soldiers. The camps were unhealthy, water of bad quality. July heat was scarcely tempered by the dreadful storms we had had almost every after-noon. An unhealthy odor infected the air around the tents and the heat, vermin and flies left mighty little chance for rest or repose. Night alone brought: a little relief.

On August 6^th, 1862, the 102^nd marched to Huxall’s Landing. The regi­ment started about sundown, and after marching without rest until one o’clock on the morning of the 7^th, reached Huxall’s Landing, about three and one-half miles from where we started. This was one of the instances where General Howe’s Artillery Horses would have been useful. At least the men would not have been so worn out. Lay at Huxall’s farm that day and returned to our camp at Harrison’s Landing that evening. After a march of an hour and a half we took the straight road this time, and as one of Company C expressed it, we did not “gee” and “haw” around the country, and consequently reached our des­tination by a short march with nobody worn out.

About August 10^th, 1862, orders for removal came. Hospitals were vacated. Baggage and heavy artillery were loaded on transports. This proved to the army that we were to leave the hated Peninsula and the effect on the men was wonderful. They seemed to he transformed by joy. Everything we did not want to take with us was put on the bonfire.

The regiment left Harrison’s Landing on the morning of the 16^th and by easy stages reached the York River on the 20^th of August, where we remained camped between Yorktown and Fortress Monroe, awaiting our turn to embark. On the 29^th of August, 1862, orders came for Couch’s Division alone to embark for Alexandria. Thus the 4^th or Keyes’ Corps, Army of the Potomac, passed out of existence.

Transports were sent us, and we started on the 30^th, arriving at Alexandria the same night, where after numerous delays we landed and started for Fairfax Court House, where Pope and his army was up against all kinds of trouble. The undeniable fact of a defeat was very evident, the road full of stragglers and skulkers going to the rear. After reaching Fairfax Court House and near Centreville, the Brigade was cut in two by a convoy of horses from Banks’ Corps. On September 4^th, 1862, the regiment was camped near the Chain Bridge, and on the 5^th crossed the bridge, passed through Tennallytown, marching past our old camp, now occupied by others. By slow marches the regiment reached Poolesville, Coffutts Crossroads, on the 7^th and 10^th. On the 11^th, the 55^th New York was taken from the Brigade and the 139^th Pennsylvania, a new regi­ment, substituted for it, a very agreeable change to everybody but the members of the 55^th. I might say here that the Brigade was never changed after this date until it was mustered out of service June 28^th, 1865, almost three years after. The Brigade was 93, 98, 102, 139 Pennsylvania and 62 New York, and so continued to the end. Our Division was now attached temporarily to the 6^th Corps. The regiment marched along the river road, watching the fords and crossings, reaching Licksville on September 13^th, 1862, passing through Barnes­ville. Left Licksville at daybreak on the morning of the 13^th by the Rohrers­ville road and passed Jefferson and Burkettsville during the march, halting near Cramptons Gap. On the night of September 16^th were ordered to Mary-land Heights, opposite Harpers Ferry, and started at daylight of the 17^th; when near that point were ordered back to Antietam, which was reached that night. The battle of September 17^th, 1862, was over, and our Division was sent to the front at daylight the next morning with the expectation of opening the fight that day, but for some reason the order was changed to attack at daylight on the 19^th. At that time the “Rebs” were not there to attack. They had taken time by the forelock and crossed over into Virginia. While the regiment was under picket firing several times, they suffered no loss at Antietam.

For the next seven weeks little marching was done, the time being used to refit the army, it having gone through the Peninsula campaign and coming to Pope’s relief without rest, and not waiting for its trains, had run it down. Many were without shoes, blankets and the clothing in rags. That portion of the army that had been under Pope was even worse as their eight days of fighting (you might say eight days of defeat) had to all intents and purposes demoralized them, so that all needed to be refitted. On the 10^th of October, 1862, near New Baltimore, we became permanently attached to the 6^th Corps as its 3^rd Division, being the 2^nd Brigade, 3^rd Division. November 7^th, McClellan was removed from the command of the army and General A. E. Burnsides given his position. Upon his reorganization, General Couch, our Division Commander, was put in command of the 2^nd Corps. General Newton became our Division Com­mander. General Howe, our Brigade Commander, was given command of the 2^nd Division, and our Colonel, Rowley, was placed in command of the Brigade; we were now the 3^rd Brigade, 3^rd Division, 6^th Corps.

Soon after midnight, October 11^th, 1862, the regiment was ordered to march to Hagerstown. The march was made in a heavy rain, and we reached Hagerstown soon after daylight, remaining in that neighborhood until the 28^th of October, 1862, when orders came to clear the camps of all sick. Set out at dark and made a night march of a few miles to Williamsport, where we biv­ouacked for two days, and then marched to Boonesboro, where we halted in sight of the Antietam battlefield and where we passed our bi-monthly muster.

At daybreak the next day we were again on the march, winding among the hills that form the slopes of Pleasant Valley, passing the South Mountain and Bur­kettsville battlefields, halting near Berlin, where we stayed over Sunday. Mon-day morning crossed the Potomac into Virginia on pontoon bridges, passing through Lovettsville, Purcellville, Uniontown and Upperville, then crossing the Valley from west to east from the Blue Ridge to the Catoctin Mountains. On Thursday we reached White Plains on the Manassas railroad, not far from Thoroughfare Gap. Here we struck a cold storm of rain, snow and sleet and reached New Baltimore on the 9^th of November, 1862, where we were officially notified of McClellan’s removal and that Burnside was our Commander. We were here a week and the whole army was reviewed by the retiring and incoming Commander. From there we marched to Acquice Creek and lay near Staf­ford Court House, where we spent another week.

The army was now consolidated into three Grand Divisions, Right, Left, and Center, under command of Generals Sumner, Franklin and Hooker. We were in the “Left Grand Division” under Franklin. We resumed our march, reaching Brooks Station the first night and after a day’s delay started again. The weather was bitterly cold and the mud was without bottom and it was still raining. By extra exertion we made about six miles, reaching the rear of Fal­mouth, opposite Fredericksburg.

On the morning of December 11^th, 1862, we marched to a point about two miles below Fredericksburg. The whole army was moving. The weather was cold but clear and the frost had hardened the ground, so that we avoided the mud pulling. As we descended from Stafford Heights to the valley along the river, the fog was so heavy and dense that we could not see the opposite side of the river’ and it was 12 o’clock before the fog lifted. Soon after our batteries commenced to shell the town, thus starting fires in many places. We returned to the Heights and bivouacked for the night. At dawn we again marched to the river, crossed over, and took position on the “Bowling Green” road, a little to the right of Hamilton’s Crossing, being in reserve to Birney’s and Meade’s Divisions, who were confronting Jackson’s Corps.

This road was a sunken road, the sides giving perfect protection, and while under fire all day and at times some of it as severe as any previously experienced, the regiment suffered no losses. We recrossed the river Monday night and went into camp (winter quarters) near White Oak Church. Huts were built and we prepared for a permanent stay.

January 20^th,1863. The entire army broke camp and marched to Banks Ford, preparatory to ending the war, (General Burnside intimated this in his order), where we went into bivouac about 5 :00 P. M. We had hardly got settled when it commenced to rain and kept it up all that night and the next day (and it came down heavy as it does only in Virginia). This was the opening prelude to the ever-remembered Mud March. After floundering in the mud for a day and a half, the army returned in squads (and mud) to its camps. This ended Burnside as commander of the Army of the Potomac. He was succeeded by General Hooker, who took command on January 26^th, 1863, and having the confidence of the men the army was soon changed from a discouraged and sulky condition to a cheerful one and the morale was soon raised to a high plane. He ordered the adoption of the Corps badges; suggested by General Butterfield. This in itself stirred up a spirit of emulation that went a long way in raising the standard of the army.

We lay in camp doing the usual Guard and Picket duty, with drills (espe­cially Brigade drills) until April 28^th, 1863.  During this interval General Smith was relieved from command of our Corps and Uncle John Sedgwick be-came our Commander.

President Lincoln reviewed the entire army, taking two days to do it.

April 28^th, 1863. The regiment in company with the balance of the 6^th Corps moved from their camp to the Rappahannock River, at a point three or four miles below Fredericksburg, and bivouacked in a pouring rain. Bridges were thrown across the river and Brook’s Division crossed over and protected the southern edge of the bridge while the balance of the Corps was marched back and forth among the Stafford Hills, to give the “Rebs” the impression that the entire Army of the Potomac was about to cross, but the balance of the army was on its march to Chancellorsville, by way of Fords, above Fredericksburg.

May 1^st, 1863. We crossed the river and bivouacked on the South Side, between two and three miles below Fredericksburg, We marched soon after midnight and arrived in Fredericksburg about 3:00 A. M. At daybreak our Brig­ade was deployed and made a demonstration to develop the enemy’s line. The Corps, having made its formation, opened fire and about 10 o’clock made the assault and in a few minutes our Corps was in possession of the works that Burnside and his whole army could not take in December. About 3:00 P. M. we continued the march toward Chancellorsville but run up against the Johnnies at Salem Church. The Corps formed line of battle, our brigade being on the ex­treme right, and the fight was on, lasting until 6:00 P. M., when we were moved from the right to the center to strengthen it for an attack in force by the “Rebs”. Late in the evening the most of the troops were moved off to Banks Ford. No orders were received by the regiment and we were astounded to see and hear the Johnnies coming at us from all sides, crying for us to “surrender”, and “what you all doing here anyways”. We were to be sacrificed to save the balance of the Corps. As it was, 94 officers and men, not including Dog Jack, were gath­ered in by Wilcox’s Georgia Brigade, the balance of the regiment getting out safely. This was where we lost our Colors, not taken in the fight but found by the “Rebs”, where someone had thought they had hidden them while they were getting away from Wilcox’s Georgians. As to proof, I quote the letter of Thomas S. Mills, Assistant Adjutant General of Anderson’s Division, to Major G. Maxey Sorrell, Assistant Adjutant General 1^st Army Corps (Longstreet’s).

“Headquarters Anderson’s Division.

“May 18^th, 1863.

“Major :—I have the honor to forward the flag of the 102^nd Pennsylvania Regiment. This flag was not actually taken in battle, but was found by General Wilcox’s Brigade in the river at the point where the enemy had their bridges down. I also forward another flag which seems to have been an electioneering flag of the Whig party, used some years ago. It was found on the front of the 14^th Alabama, when facing the enemy at Birch Church. Probably it was taken by the enemy from some house in the vicinity.

“I am, Major, your obedient servant,

“Thomas S. Mills,

“Ass’t. Adjt. General.

“Major G. Maxey Sorrell,

“Ass’t. Adjt. General, 1^st Army Corps.”

The killed and wounded of the 102^nd Regiment in this fight total 98, taken prisoners 94, total 191.

The killed and wounded at Salem Church, Va., were as follows:

KILLED, 18

Captain John Large, Co. C; Daniel McCabe and Henry Russell, Co. D; John Phelps and John Peebles, Co. E; John B. Devaux, Charles Cougher, John MeHenry and George Nolan, Co. F; John H. Randolph, David Smith and Samuel J. Trimble, Co. H; Samuel R. Beatty and William D. Andrews, Co. K; William J. Mulholland, W. James Mulholland and Francis McCord, Co. L. Peter Schildecker, Co. F, was missing at this battle, and it is gen­erally supposed he was killed.

WOUNDED, 80

James A. Guthrie, Andrew Wayt, William J. Briggs and John C. Hough, Co. A; Andrew Elliott, Thomas Merritt, Reuben Powell, Charles A. Stanton, Aaron Conlin, Hiram G. Curry, Alex Stewart and Aaron B. Whittaker, Co. C; William H. Ballard, Patrick McCabe, Patrick Gavin, James Braddock and John Silvers, Co. D; W. B. Sands, Joseph Knox, Joseph M. Price and John Risley, Co. E ; Captain James D. Duncan, Lieut. B. F. McGowen, David Jones, John Sell and Lawrence McGrath, Co. F; William J. Gibson, John D. Beatty, George L. Glenn, Charles J. F. Conn, James Hart, John Love and William C. O’Brien, Co. G; James B. Carson, Frank M. Eastman, S. V. Hutchison, Samuel Critchlow, Michael Fair, Thomas B. Storey, William J. Fonzer, Martin P. Hays, Joseph Lavery and George W. Lester, Co. H; Lieut. G. W. Gillespie, John A. Porter, William H. Ayers, James A. Mc-Laughlin, Andrew Armstrong, Orlando F. Bacon, Dewitt C. Ayers, Charles Brown, James Dick and Francis Martin, Co. 1; F. B. Duckworth and John M. Jones, Co. K; Theodore F. Sheering, James S. Clark, John F. Brill, John J. Dell, Samuel T. Bovard, Thomas A. Spence, James Hunt 1^st, William H. Byers, David Edwards and W. L. Smith, Co. L; Capt. A. D. J. Heastings, Lieut. John Aiken, Simpson H. Daft, Robert J. Burham, William L. Badger, H. C. Bahoup, William P. Fullmer, James S. Hare, David Hannah, James W. List, William S. McCormick, William McGregor, Willison H. Robb, Benjamin R. Stanford and Christ Yeager, Co. M; also Dog Jack.

Of those taken prisoners I have found it impossible to secure any reliable list. I know from my own recollection that Lt. Col. J. W. Patterson, Lt. Shaler Barclay of H ; Wm. A. Dawson of A; Wm. P. Fullmer of M ; Aaron Linn of C, were among the 94. Fullmer was wounded.

The entire army now returned to its old position, being in line nearly as be-fore, except that all the troops that had previously encamped on our left (be­tween our Corps and Belle Plain) were removed far to the right, leaving our Corps the extreme left of the army instead of center as before. Our position was about one mile to the rear of the old line where the ground had not previously been occupied and where a growth of young pines and in some cases groves of oak timber, afforded far more attractive surroundings than the old quarters. This was a pleasant and agreeable change and the month spent here was pro­ductive of great good to the men and brought them up to almost perfect physical condition. At last, on June 5^th, 1863, orders to move were received, which ap­plied only to our Corps. We broke camp in the morning and marched over the same roads we had traveled twice before, halting on the banks of the Rap­pahannock, at almost the same spot where we had bivouacked before the Battle of Fredericksburg and again before the Battle of Salem Church.

Pontoon bridges were thrown across the river and the 2^nd Division crossed, having severe skirmishing with the Johnnies, and lay on the plain for two or three days watching the “Rebs”. They were then relieved by the 1^st Division, who performed the same duty and finally our turn came to relieve them, which was done on the night of June 10^th, 1863, the balance of the Corps being in bivouac on Stafford Heights. We returned to them Friday night, June 12^th, and at 10:00 P. M. June 13^th, 1863, Saturday, started on the ever memorable march to Gettysburg. Our route for a long time lay through thick woods that shut out what little light there was. The roads were muddy, and rough, men falling over stones and fallen trees, and the rain pouring in torrents. Later the rain ceased and we got out into clearer country, although the road was still hard to see. We struck some corduroy, some logs one foot thick, others one and a half and two feet. The men would fall off the slippery logs and roll down the em­bankments. The sympathy they got was a laugh from their comrades or a query, “if they had a pass to go down there”.

Halted near Potomac Creek, where we slept on the ground until morning and being Sunday, we did not resume the march until night, resting from the fatigue of the night before. We were the rear guard of the army now.

At 9 o’clock at night we took the road again, marching rapidly. We had heard during the day that Lee was in Maryland, headed for Pennsylvania, and our spunk was up. We kept up the march in the morning. The sun was out and the roads quickly dried and changed from mud into dust, so thick that finally you could not see much further than one-half the length of our regiment ahead. The heat became intolerable. We kept this up until about 3:00 P. M., when we were near the little town of Dumfries, where we went into bivouac. After cooking coffee and eating hard tack; clown on the ground and everyone asleep, and slept until 2:00 A. M., when we fell in but waited until after 4:00 A. M. for the road to be cleared for us. However, we got our coffee by the waiting: The next day was hot, but not so intolerable as the day before. We marched until about 2:00 o’clock, when we arrived at Occuquan Creek and rested for three hours.

Crossing at Wolf Shoals, everybody had a bath in the creek. We started again about 5 o’clock and marched six miles to Fairfax Station. Bivouacked in the woods along the pike from Manassas to Fairfax, resting that night and the next day. At 5 o’clock on June 18^th, 1863, we were again on the road, reaching Fairfax Court House before noon. Here we remained until the 24^th, when we marched to Centreville (our Division only) and left there on the morning of June 27^th, halting a little before dark near Drainesville. Early next morning, we reached the Potomac at Edwards Ferry, where after two or three hours wait, we crossed the river on the pontoons and were in Maryland, hot foot after Lee, who we now heard was in Pennsylvania. Sunday left Edwards Ferry, marching through Poolesville and Barnstown to Hyattstown, where we arrived about noon. It was here that we heard that Meade had succeeded Hooker in command of the Army. We were now marching towards Manchester.

At 5 o’clock Monday morning we were again on the march, passing through Munroeville, New Market, Ridgeville, and Mount Airy, halting for the night near Sam’s Creek. Starting early next morning we passed through Westminster (where the people were evidently mighty glad to see us) as the “Reb” cavalry had just bid them adieu about two hours before we arrived.

On the 29^th our corps was at New Windsor while on that evening Stuart’s Cavalry was at Westminster, eight or nine miles east, which place the corps reached early on the morning of June 30^th. Westminster was made the base of supplies for the army and a detachment of about one hundred men made up details from every company in the regiment under Lieutenants David A. Jones and Jacob Drum remained in Westminster as a guard for the Sixth Corps’ trains, while the corps on July 1^st moved eight miles north to Manchester, Maryland, forming the right wing of the army. About nine o’clock that night the corps was ordered to hurry forward to Gettysburg where the army was being con­centrated, our regiment returning to Westminster in charge of part of the corps’ trains. Upon our arrival at Gettysburg that night we were posted on picket and as a support to a Connecticut battery on the west of the town we remained throughout the 2^nd and 3^rd.

On July 1^st, 1863, at Manchester, Col. Patterson, Lieut. Col. MclIwain and Major McLaughlin received their commissions.

102^ND REGIMENT PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS (OLD. 13^TH) ON FORCED MARCH TO GETTYSBURG, PA., JULY 1, 1863

On July 2^nd, about 4 :00 P. M., the detachment which had remained at West­minster was sent forward to Gettysburg in command of Lieutenant R. W. Lyon (who had been up to that time acting as regimental adjutant) as a guard for the ammunition train of about forty wagons, and there being urgent need of the ammunition, the horses were kept at their highest speed all night, reaching Gettysburg, a distance of thirty-six miles, at daybreak of the 3^rd. Upon re-porting to General Wheaton, then ‘commanding the division, the detail was ordered to report to Colonel David T. Nevin. commanding brigade, who assigned it to the Sixty-second New York, Lieutenant Colonel Hamilton. It was placed on the left of the 62^nd just at the time that regiment was being deployed as skirmishers and was marched to the left to the ground now occupied by the monument, where it remained on skirmish duty throughout the day, being under fire almost continuously but not directly engaged. The detachment shared in all the duties performed by the 62^nd New York, remaining in line of battle all of the Fourth of July.

102^ND REGIMENT PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS

(OLD 13^TH) MONUMENT

Near the Wheat Field at Gettysburg
Dedicated September 11, 1889

The Brigade was composed of the 62^nd New York, 102^nd Pennsylvania and 139^th Pennsylvania, all infantry. At dawn of the 5^th the brigade was advanced across Plum Creek, our detachment leading, in pursuit of the enemy. The pursuit was continued by the Sixth Corps to Fairfield Pass.

Col. Nevin in his brigade report says :

“The extraordinary endurance evinced by my command and their daring bravery at the turning point of the battle deserves larger mention than the limit of the report will al-low. Never did troops advance upon the enemies of their country with more cheerfulness and spirit.”

As to that march to Gettysburg from Westminster, it was the record march of any army—1861 to 1865. The march from Westminster to Gettysburg was 36 miles, but after reaching Gettysburg we marched five to seven miles in taking our position. Capt. Coleman of G and Sergt. Wilbar of E, while marching on the Baltimore Pike, timed the distance between the milestones, and it was just 17 minutes to the mile, about four miles to the hour. Consider the soldier marching at that gait, loaded with 60 ounces of ball cartridges, 13 pound musket, his knapsack, bayonet, and scabbard, canteen, haversack, rubber and woolen blankets, with the thermometer 101 in the shade, and on a limestone pike. Going some, eh?

Friday evening, July 3^rd, ended fighting at Gettysburg. All of the Fourth was spent in burying the dead and helping the wounded. On the night of the Fourth the ‘”Rebs” commenced their retreat and at dawn of the 5^th our Corps was ordered across Plum Creek in pursuit. Our Brigade in the advance, we caught up to them at Fairfield Pass, where, being strongly entrenched, we could not attack for fear of bringing on a general engagement, which was not desired by General Meade. Other plans were adopted. We moved by the flank through the Cutoctin Mountains on the morning of the 7^th, by way of Frederick, and joined the balance of the Army on July 9^th, at Middletown, and bivouacked that night between Boonsboro and Rohrersville, nearer Rohrersville. On July 11^th we advanced to Funkstown and came up close to the “Reb” lines where they were strongly entrenched, but for reasons best known to the “powers that were”, the enemy was not attacked and they quietly stole away on the night of July 14^th, 1863, crossing the Potomac at Williamsport into Virginia. On July 15^th the 102^nd made a hard march from Funkstown to Boonsboro. From Boonsboro we marched across the South Mountains to Middletown, thence to Petersville, three or four miles from Berlin. The whole Army was now together in this small space, each Corps awaiting its turn to cross. Our turn came on Sunday,

July 19^th, 1863, when we crossed at Berlin on pontoon bridges and were once more on the sacred soil, halting about ten miles from the point at which we crossed. The march on July 20^th was about twelve miles. We then halted for the night and next day, on Wednesday, the 22^nd, we were again enroute, passing through Uniontown and Snickersville, halting at the base of Cobblers’ Mountain. Thursday, July 23^rd, 1863, we marched to Ashby’s Gap, halting for a few hours, when we again started South. Do you remember the blackberry patches we struck in that march? We continued the march along the foot of the Blue Mountains until July 25^th, 1863, when we arrived in the vicinity of Warrenton, where we encamped until the 15^th of September, 1863.

August 17^th our Regiment and Brigade were temporarily attached to Howe’s 2^nd Division, and camped along the north branch of the Rappahannock River, doing picket duty. We returned to Warrenton about the 27^th, where we lay until we moved September 15^th. On September 1^st, the Regiment could turn out only 300 men for inspection. Major McLaughlin was ordered to Pittsburgh for recruits.

September 15^th, 1863, we were again on the march towards Culpepper Court House, where we arrived on the 16^th and went into camp two or three miles west of the town, near Stonehouse Mountain, where we stayed about three weeks. On Monday, October 5^th, 1863, we marched to Cedar Mountain, on the Rapidan River, where we stayed (momentarily expecting orders to march) until the night of October 11^th.

We halted for breakfast and on to Rappahannock Station. We were the rear guard of the Corps and after the balance of the Corps had crossed we recrossed the river and returned to within six miles of Warrenton. At 11:00 P. M. we marched back to the river and lay until daybreak, when we helped take up the pontoon bridge and burned the railroad bridge. Then on the go again we marched all of that day and night, arriving at Bristol Station at 3:30 A. M. On the morning of October 15^th, 1863, reveille sounded at 4:30 and we marched to Centreville where we arrived at 11:30. A part of the regiment was sent on picket. At daylight of October 16^th, we started for Chantilly ; arriving there we put in the time throwing up earth works until the morning of October 18^th, when the march was resumed in a pelting storm. We passed over the Bull Run battlefield, crossing the run on the famous “Stone Bridge”, bivouacked at Gainesville. The 102^nd Regiment was on picket all night, resuming the march at seven in the morning. We reached New Baltimore at 2:30 P. M., and resumed the march toward Warrenton. There we halted within a stone’s throw of our old camp. Here we remained two weeks. We left camp on November 7^th, 1863, about 7:00 A. M., this time for Rappahannock Station. At noon we halted about one mile from the station, where the entire Corps was thrown into line of battle. We then moved forward and the “Johnnies” retreated. The First Division did some fighting, but we (luckily) were not actively engaged, but have the right to put Rappahannock Station on our list of battles, it being so recognized by the War Department, the entire Corps getting credit for the victory. After the scrap we at once resumed the march, arriving at Brandy Station that evening, where we went into camp about two miles from the station, on the plantation of John Minor Botts (who claimed to own 600 miles of fence, a week later he couldn’t truthfully claim the same). Here we stayed until the morning of November 26^th, 1863. While in this camp we thought we would be permanently located for the winter and com­menced preparing winter quarters.

We started the march on November 26^th at sunrise but soon halted and stood in the mud for hours waiting for the Corps to move that was to precede us. We were headed for the Rapidan River, moving a few steps, then halting, all day long. The men were tired out and disgusted; the road was simply a narrow passage cut through the forest. After dark the cry for coffee, coffee, was heard all along the line, which was finally provided about 11:00 P. M. We crossed the river at Jacob’s Ford about midnight and immediately lay down without waiting to put up shelter tents, notwithstanding the unfavorable weather. We were drawn up in line of march the next morning but quietly rested that day because the Corps ahead of us were not able to move as we could hear firing in our front. During the night we marched to the neighborhood of Robertson’s Tavern. We moved the next morning along the road to Orange Court House, and found the enemy strongly entrenched along Mine Run. Prep­aration was made to attack. Our position was in rear of and supporting Gen­eral Warren’s 5^th Corps, who were supposed to have the most difficult work. About 2:00 A. M. we were moved about two miles to our right to attack the enemy flank. They were so strongly entrenched that we knew it was impossible to drive them out. We stood in line all that day, hardly a word spoken by anyone. Money and valuables were turned over to Chaplain Stewart, as we all knew that if we started to fight the “Johnnies” in their position, it would be the last day on earth for many of us, (none could tell who). Not a hint of cowardice was shown but when darkness came and we quietly got away from that neigh­borhood a sigh of relief went up that was heartfelt at least. It was the hardest test the regiment had, standing for twelve or fourteen hours, staring almost certain death in the face. It was a bitter cold day and night. We were not permitted to have fires, so we had no coffee, and had to subsist on hard tack. It was so cold that some of the pickets (none of our regiment, however) were found frozen at their posts.

We left there December 1^st, and crossed the river at Germania Ford, and marching back to our old camp at Brandy Station, prepared for permanent winter quarters again (which did not happen). On December 31^st, 1863, orders to move came and the regiment left camp at 10 :00 P. M. and marched in the wind and rain to the station, thence by train to Washington, D. C., where we arrived on New Year’s Day, 1864. Some of the regiment (about 60) made their official call on President Lincoln. While they did not have swallow-tail coats or any extra display of gold lace, they attracted attention all right and were received by the President, much to the astonishment of some of the foreign dignitaries. Anyone who remembers the style and costumes of the Army of the Potomac when enroute will appreciate the scene.

We left Washington that afternoon, ‘going by rail to Harper’s Ferry, dis­embarked and marched about four miles north of the Ferry, where we went into winter quarters at Halltown, January 6^th, 1864. On this trip the weather was probably the coldest experienced by the regiment during the war. Many men had their ears, fingers and feet frosted. December 19^th, 1864, Company H re-enlisted for three additional years and received their veteran furlough dur­ing February, 1864. Upon their return the regiment had veteranized and was entitled to the 30 days furlough, also; and Company H being counted in the regiment received its furlough during the month of April, 1864, thus Company H had 60 days. During all this time, before the furlough, the regiment lay in winter quarters at Halltown, doing picket and guard duty. On February 25^th, 1864, the 102^nd Regiment with 100 Cavalry, all under command of Col. Patterson, made a scout to within five miles of Berryville, returning at 10:00 P. M. in a driving storm.

Fred. W. Patterson, the Colonel’s son, made his first appearance with the regiment at Halltown.

Late in March the Brigade was ordered back to the Army of the Potomac and the 102^nd Regiment to Pittsburgh, where they spent their 30 days in pleasure and comfort, and bringing with them recruits, joined the brigade on May 4^th, 1864, while enroute to the Wilderness.

March 23^rd, 1864, the War Department issued an order: consolidating the Corps of the Army and in the changes we found ourselves in the 1^st Brigade, 2^nd Division of 6^th Corps.

May 4^th, 1864, the regiment joined the Brigade near Germania Ford, near where we bivouacked for the night. At 7:00 A. M. the regiment advanced south-ward about two miles on the “Wilderness Plank Road”, where we rested until 11 o’clock, then facing to the front advanced into the woods skirting the road, from whence we were sent to the left to the intersection of the Brock Road and the “Orange Turn Pike”. No sooner had we reached this point than the “Rebs” opened on us and we were in the fight good and proper. Almost at the first fire, our Col. John W. Patterson was killed instantly. The men hugged the ground and held it for two hours although greatly outnumbered by the “Johnnies”. Then we made a charge which the “Rebs” returned and it was charge or coun­tercharge until darkness set in, with no advantage to either side. Firing was kept up until 2:00 A. M. before it ceased entirely.. Fighting opened at daylight next morning and we were finally compelled to fall back to the “Brock Road”. At the commencement of the fight our Brigade with others of our Division was taken from the 6^th Corps and sent to the right of Warren’s Corps to seize and hold the intersection of the “Brock Road” and the “Orange Turn Pike”.

It was in this part of the fight we suffered most. Our position on the 6^th was practically the same. The battle opened at daylight by a charge of the “Rebs” and fighting was almost continuous during the day, at times quieting down some-what, then breaking out with renewed force. Our losses in the Wilderness fight

were as follows, viz.:

KILLED, 47

Col. John W. Patterson; William L. Roberts, James C. Algeo, Ben. F. Craft, Samuel Boyd, William Floyd, Jr., Loyal H. Gould, James Muller and Daniel Powers, Co. A; Capt. Thomas E. Kirkbride, George W. Page, Joseph Simpson and Michael Thompson, Co. B; Lieut. Jacob Drum, David Anderson and William S. Ferree, Co. C; Thomas Burke and John Silvers, Co. D; Basil Bell, John M. Cameron, David W. Gross, John Risley and Robert Richardson, Co. E; Gotlieb Brosie and Elam Paulson, Co. F; Benjamin L. Christy, Harry K. Critchlow, Adam Bernhart, Alex Critchlow, James Johnston, Rinalde L. Mays, John McGill, Daniel Pettit, Isaac N. Ross, James H. Storey and Alfred Miller, Co. H; James Sullivan, William Copeland, Louis W. Holmes and Henry Jeremy, Co. 1; John Boyle and Robert B. Young, Co. K; Andrew Kaynes, Philip Curran, Felix Curran and Henry Glass, Co. L; Wesley McCabe, Co. M.

WOUNDED, 111

Adjt. Alex P. Callow; Lieut. W. G. Greenawalt, Robert M. Blair, Robert Johnston, William R. Weaver, August Hirth, Patrick C. Collins, James Middleton, Charles Marthens, Daniel McGuire, George Thomas and Michael Warner, Co. A; Presley S. Brown, James M. Bryant, John Z. Pritchard, Hiram V. Powell, George Bangert, Caleb R. Foster, Samuel N. Gillespie and Abner M. Reed, Co. B; William M. Whittaker, Samuel Degarmo, Robert Harrison, John S. Boyle, William Davis, Charles W. Gould, Isaac P. Harper, John Miller and Joseph Wild, Co. C; Adam Shepley, Patrick McCabe, Patrick Gavin, Thomas B. Loughrey, William Kerr, Thomas McCune, Albert Ballard, Francis Collins, John Dolan, Alonzo Mercer, John McGowan and Robert McCracken, Co. D; Lieut. Ben F. Hunnewell, Arad Wilbar, Fred Ludwig; Thomas Morris, Joseph M. Price, Robert Richardson and Fred Swartz, Co. E; Thomas McKee, John Barker, Peter Keifer, Robert Gray, William F. Kennedy, Thomas Lindsay, William O’Meally, William Powers and Edward Riley, Co. F; John Kal­tenbaugh, John D. James, John C. Alexander, Joseph Criswell, Alex Cramer, D. B. Douthett, James Dodds, Jacob Daub, S. L. Daubenspeck, William J. Fonzer, George S. Gibson, William Gardner, John M. Hilliard, Alfred C. Holmes, Isaac Kaylor, George W. Lester, Benjamin A. Lavery, James D. Martin, Alfred Miller, Orin H. Mathews, T. W. McKinney, J. W. McNaughton and Silas McClure, Co. H; John A. Porter, Archy L. Thompson, Harvey Green, DeWitt C. Ayres, Jackson McConahy and Andrew J. Reynolds, Co. I; James Harsha, Joseph E. Jones, Patrick Boyle, Thomas McGrath, Thomas Dowler, Jr., John Keil, William B. Lawrence and Daniel H. Mangan, Co. K; John F. Brill, John J. Dell, George W. Hand-bury, John E. Ghroniger, William Dungan, Samuel Dickson, James McCormick, James Mc-Guire and William L. Smith, Co. L; Lieut. John Aiken, Albert Pagle, William P. Brown, Robert J. Burham, Silas Allen, John Griffith, Robert Harper and James S. Nolan, Co. M.

May 7^th, 1864, the regiment lay in trenches during the day, occasionally engaged in light skirmishing. After dark our Corps was marched in the rear of the Army, far to the left, in the direction of Spottsylvania Court House. Halted for breakfast near the Chancellor House. This was the beginning of Grant’s flanking movements, which finally ended in Lee’s surrender at Appo­mattox about a year later.

Resuming the march, we arrived near Piney Branch Church about 2:30 P. M. The 5^th Corps, who had arrived before the 6^th Corps (having taken a shorter route) were engaged with the enemy. There was little fighting on May 9^th, 1864. After dark our Division was formed in three lines for the purpose of attack and after some desperate fighting, finding the enemy too strongly posted, the attack was given up. General Sedgwick, our Corps Commander, was killed by a Rebel sharpshooter, shot through the head (May 9^th, 1864), and General Wright became our Corps Commander and continued until the war was over. At 5:00 P. M., May 10^th, 1864, the men were ordered to unsling knapsack and were sent out in support of Upton’s men, who were to attack the Angle (after-wards known as the Bloody Angle).

May 11^th, 1864, was spent in skirmishing all along the line, the 12^th with a hard fought battle. Much Of it was in “hand to hand” and with clubbed muskets.

In the Spottsylvania battle the loss was:

KILLED, 8

Leopold Bott, Co. B; John A. Failes, Co. E; Richard H. Cochran, Co. F; John D. Beatty and James Hart, Co. G; Thomas B. Storey and John K. Rea, Co. H; George Snyder, Co. M.

WOUNDED, 30

Samuel H. Hay and William A. Dawson, Co. A; W. C. Stroup and Joseph H. Burtt, Co. B ; Capt. Samuel Matthews, George W. Householder, Isaac Bennett, W. J. Kier and George W. Wood, Co. C; John Sell, Albert Liston, John Porter, Edward Riley, Co. F; Lieut. David Hunter, Alfred Snowburger, John Luther, William J. Gibson, Andrew Crehan, Thomas Montgomery and William McShaffery, Co. G; Samuel Blaney, Samuel P. Meals, John P. Orr, William R. Shryock, Amos Steel, James L. Taylor and W. H. H. Wasson, Co. H; Samuel Harper, James P. Randall and John J. Scott, Co. K.

On May 14^th, the regiment marched two miles to the left and halted near the Anderson House, and on May 20^th to North Anne River. On May 21^st, 1864, another flank movement was started, the 102^nd marching all night, halting near Gurney Station (where Stonewall Jackson died the year previous). Ninety-four of the regiment will remember that as they were captured at Salem Church and guarded by a Georgia regiment. They spent some hours there awaiting transportation to Belle Isle. On May 28^th, 1864, the regiment crossed the Pamunky River at Hanoverton. Early on the morning of May 30^th, the regi­ment was on the march to Hanoverton Court House, and on May 31^st con­tinued on toward Cold Harbor, where they arrived June 1^st, 1864.

The Cold Harbor battle opened on June 2^nd, 1864, and continued during the 3^rd, when preparations for another flank movement were being made. The regiment lost 15 killed and 40 wounded.

KILLED, 15

Lieut. Col. William Mclwain; Charles Brown, Henry Glenn and Michael Warner, Co. A; John J. Decker, Richard S. Williams, Co. B; Patrick Kelly, Co. D; Washington Jordon, Co. E; Lieut. Andrew J. McIlwain, Co. F; Daniel A. Creely, William J. Deer, Alfred C. Holmes, Co. H; John Blair, Co. L; William McGregor and David H. Waters, Co. M.

WOUNDED, 40

Major Thomas McLaughlin; Samuel H. Hay, John Louth, James McAfee and Joseph A. Weible, Co. A; Reese J. Thomas, H. N. Goldthorp, James A. Stanford and Griffith Jones, Co. B; Thomas A. Harper, Isaac P. Harper, Alex Stewart, Aaron B. Whitaker and Joseph Wild, Co. C; Lieut. George Duff, Matthew Conner, John Fitzsimmons, Robert McCracken, Co. D; Joseph Thomas, Fry Roser, Michael Nagel, John Rosewell and William Shields, Co. E; James Ford and Charles Wilson, Co. G; James B. Storey, S. V. Hutchinson, Fred Wiles, Co. H; Isaac Boon, W. J. Fullerton, Jackson McConahy, William Fails, Co. I; Sam­uel Harper, John P. Leonard, Samuel Daniels, John St. John, Benjamin Wharton, Co. K; Capt. J. D. Kirk, George Leyburn, Co. L; and Henry Cook, Co. M.

The regiment lay in the entrenchment for twelve days on a sandy plain, no shade of any kind, and it was almost sure death to let your head get above the works. The “Rebs” kept up an incessant fire from their sharpshooters.

On June 14^th the regiment started to march to the James River. At sun-down on June 16^th, 1864, the regiment moved to the river bank, crossing on the pontoon bridge, and marched all night toward Petersburg, and in the evening arrived on our lines before Petersburg, where we locked horns with the enemy on June 18^th, 1864. The regiment at First Petersburg in June, 1864, lost:

KILLED, 7

Lawrence Atkins, Co. A; Jacob Glaze, Daniel A. Creely and Sol W. Shakely, Co. H; Sylvester Brady and William Montgomery, Co. L; and David Hanna, Co. M.

WOUNDED, 13

Samuel Hay and John Grady, Co. A; John A. Fink, Co. F; John C. Storey, William Storey, Edward L. Hoon and William H. Parker, Co. H; John E. Chroniger, Henry Shriver, James Hunt, Michael Williams and Benjamin Truxall, Co. L; John E. Williams, Co. M.

On June 2^nd, the regiment marched to near the Jerusal Plank Road and remained in that neighborhood until June 29^th, 1864, where they broke camp at 4:00 P. M., marching all afternoon and night, and arrived at Rearns Station, on the Weldon Road, in the morning, remaining in that vicinity until July 9^th, 1864.

The regiment was then ordered to City Point, a march of fourteen miles, from 10:00 P. M. to break of day on July 10^th, when they were placed on transports and started for Washington to receive General Early and his rebel followers. The regiment arrived there about 2:00 P. M., marched out the Seventh Street Road and bivouacked for the night near Fort DeRussey. One of the sights while march­ing up the Seventh Street Road was President Lincoln, Uncle Abe, on the side-walk, his plug hat tipped back on his head, a smile on his face and chewing hard tack. The regiment got in line about 4 :00 P. M., when the fight started, but the Brigade was the reserve, and while tinder fire all the time, we had but one man wounded, Dr. C. C. V. Crawford, Assistant Surgeon of the 102^nd. President Lincoln was standing within five feet of the Doctor when he was hit. This place was named Fort Stevens.

The morning of July 13^th showed that Early and his ‘”Rebs” had run away. About 1:00 P. M., July 13^th, 1864, the regiment started in pursuit and halted that night at Tennallytown, near our old camp of ‘61 and ‘62; at five the next morn­ing again on our way, then marched for twelve hours, halted near Poolsville, 36 miles from Fort Stevens. Lay at Poolsville all the next day, waiting for the cavalry to tell us what direction Early had taken. On July 16^th, the regi­ment marched towards the Potomac River and forded the same near Ball’s Bluff. There was a good deal of amusement during the fording. The river had a very stony bottom but the water was only two or three feet deep. The stones were slippery and scattered. Many a fellow slipped and tripped on them and took an involuntary bath. Resuming the march, the regiment went into camp beyond Leesbury (Sunday) and remained there all day. Early Monday morning the march was taken up. In the afternoon we climbed the Blue Ridge Mountain side. After dark, passed through Snickers Gap and went into biv­ouac for a night’s rest. In the morning we had a beautiful view of the Shen­andoah Valley from the mountain top. From there the regiment marched back, returning through Snickers Gap. Marched all day and night, stopping only for coffee, passed through Drainesville and halted at Difficult Creek. July 23^rd, marched through Lewinsvilem, Langley and crossed the Chain Bridge and went into camp near Tennallytown, five miles from Washington. On July 26^th, 1864, the regiment was turned back and started in the direction of Harper’s Ferry. Reached Frederick on July 28^th, 1864, passing through Frederick pushed on to Jefferson, going into camp at midnight. Next day passed through Knoxville, Newton, and Sandy Hook, and halted at Halltown, four miles south of Harper’s Ferry. The next day we were ordered back, and marching all that day and night, reached Frederick where the regiment rested for a day and night.

On August 3^rd, 1864, the regiment marched to Buckeystown on the Monocacy River, where we rested for two days. In the evening of August 5^th, 1864, marched to Monocacy Junction and took train for Harper’s Ferry. Gen­eral Sheridan took command of the Army of the Shenandoah and the battle line was established through Halltown. On August 10^th, 1864, the 102^nd started its march up the Shenandoah Valley, passing through Charlestown, (the scene of John Brown’s trial and execution) and halted at Clifton. Re­sumed the march next day and at night bivouacked at Opequan Creek, marching again on August 12^th, passing through Newton and Middletown. Halted at night at Cedar Creek. On August 13^th, 1864, crossed to the south side of the creek and some of the 102^nd Regiment who were on picket reached the north end of Strasburg, while the rebel pickets held the south end. On the evening of August 16^th marched north down the Valley, passing through Winchester, and halting on the evening of August 17^th, 1864, at Opequan Creek. In the morning the march was resumed and halting near Charlestown, line of battle was formed. The 102^nd was on the left side of the Pike, running from Harper’s Ferry to Winchester, facing south.

On Sunday, the 21^st of August, the enemy made an attack and after some hours of skirmishing were driven off and were glad to leave. The enemy hav­ing been repulsed, our troops fell back to a strong line of defense at and near Halltown. General Early made no attack and after three or four days fell back to the vicinity of Winchester. The regiment followed and went into camp near Berryville, where they stayed until the 13^th of September, 1864, when our Division (the 2^nd) was ordered to Opequan Creek to reconnoitre. We started on the morning of September 14^th and found the enemy in strong force. Some few men of the Division were lost by the enemy’s shell fire but there were no casualties in the 102^nd. Grant visited the Army of the Shenandoah on Septem­ber 15^th, 1864, and after sizing up the situation and consulting with General Sheridan, said: “The only thing I can say to you, General, is ‘Go in’,” and Sheridan did, winning all battles in the Valley, destroying Early and his army. So Grant never had to consult or tell Sheridan what to do.

The two Armies faced each other across Opequan and Abraham Creeks. Early took the initiative and opened the battle of the Opequan on Monday A. M., September 19^th, 1864.

The regiment was on the left of the battle line, the left resting on or near Abraham’s Creek. After fighting all day, the “Rebs” retreated some miles be­yond the town and reorganized.

The 102^nd Regiment lost at Opequan and Winchester, Va.:

KILLED, 17

Robert S. Page, Co. B; Alex. Sommerville and Nathaniel Doty, Co. E; James Adams, John Campbell, N. H. Matthews, John R. Osenbaugh, William H. Parks, Samuel R. Renfrew and Fred Shakely, Co. H ; William Furehake, Orlando F. Bacon, Sharf Powell, John Shan-non and Anthony Winegrove, Co. I; Albert Bearch, Co. L; William P. Brown, Co. M.

WOUNDED, 18

Edward H. Barry, Co. A; Lewis W. Morrow and John Z. Pritchard, Co. B; Patrick Gavin, Co. D; Benjamin Guilhuyser and Robert Stewart, Co. E; William O’Meally, Co. F; James B. Carson and Josiah R. Dodds, Co. H; Henry McCaw and Levi Fritz, Co. I; Lieut. James Vance, William Baumgarten and Jesse McVicker, Co. K; George W. Handberry, John F. Brill and Albert Ludecke, Co. L; Lewis Ross, Co. NI.

At daylight, September 20^th, 1864, the Army marched up the Valley Pike, meeting up with Early in a strong position at Fishers Hill. The regiment was on the right of the line. September 21^st was occupied in disposing of the bal­ance of the Army, preparatory to attacking Early’s line. The regiment was shifted along with the balance of the Division, along Tumbling Run. The attack was made before sundown and the “Johnnies” had been chased in the greatest disorder before dark. The 102^nd lost at Fishers’ Hill:

KILLED, 1

Henry Gartley, Co. I.

WOUNDED, 22

George W. Ross, Thomas Megraw and George B. McMurtrie, Co. A; John Brown, John Clare, Augustus P. George and Daniel Marsh, Co. D; Lieut. W. B. Sands, William Buck, Daniel Shultz and William Shields, Co. B; William Anderson, William H. Brought and Joseph W. Wood, Co. F; Lieut. James D. Forrester, Co. G; Adam Shira, Peter J. Gallagher, David Martin, George Miller, J. M. McCullough, William A. Smith and Cornelius Shorts, Co. H.

On the afternoon of September 23^rd, 1864, the 102^nd moved up the Pike from Woodstock and on the 24^th were at Mt. Jackson. On September 25^th, we marched to Harrisonburg and remained there until September 29^th, 1864. From there we marched to Mt. Crawford, fell back from there to Harrisonburg and finally to Cedar Creek, where the regiment arrived on October 8^th, 1864. Mon-day, October 10^th, the regiment marched to the left and proceeded to Front Royal; here camping in a mountain pass they enjoyed lamb, honey and very fine grapes.   After staying there several days, marched to the banks of the Shenan­doah River. The whole Corps (6^th) was massed preparatory to fording the river but while completing the arrangements orders were received to return to the Army and they joined them in the afternoon of October 14^th, 1864. Went into camp. The Division was on the right of the Corps. At 2 o’clock in the morning rapid firing was heard in our front and later we learned the enemy had taken possession of the camps of one of our entire Corps and the men of that Corps were “extending their lines to the rear”; every man for himself and hurrying for fear some other fellow would get out of danger ahead of him. Our Division repulsed three charges of the enemy, then finding they were get­ting on both our flanks, we reformed the line at Middletown, a short distance in our rear. About this time General Sheridan returned from Winchester, “twenty miles away”, and- the Army was shaped up. They started after the “Rebs” and chased them to Mt. Jackson, the 102^nd Regiment doing its full share. The regiment lost at Cedar Creek, Va.:

KILLED, 20

Lieut. Col. J. H. Coleman ; Edwin Anderson, John H. Dennison, Thomas A. Atkinson, Robert J. Brown and Fred Mertz, Co. B ; Nathan Watson, Co. C; Robert Richardson, Co. E; George Sherer, Joseph W. Wood, Co. F; William Byrne, John Love, Joseph S. Terman and James Trimble, Co. G; Fred Wiles, Co. H; Roswell R. Beach and John Bitner, Co. K; Thomas A. Spence and Robert Miller, Co. L; and Thomas McDowell, Co. M.

WOUNDED, 48

Col. James Patchell ; Captain Foster Alward, Lieut. W. G. Greenawalt, Thomas Megraw, Samuel C. Bonham, Charles H. Burg, Evan Jones, John Nichols and Ernest Sutmeyer, Co. A; Levi Howard, Co. B; David Davis, Enoch Lloyd, David Owens and Anthony Smith, Co. C; Isaac Grim, William F. Hale and David Rose, Co. D; Abraham Carnahan, William Hoeffelfinger and John Rauch, Co. E; Harvey Davis, Co. F; John Wallace, Co. G; Lewis C. White, James B. Carson, F. M. Eastman, Peter J. Gallagher, William J. Lackey, William F. Campbell, Henry D. Critchlow, George H. Daub, Samuel Dunbar, Alex Mahood, William Fielding, Samuel P. Meals and Alfred Miller, Co. H; Capt. W. H. H. Hubley, A. L. Thomp­son, Harvey Green, Enoch F. Lewis, William J. Taylor, Co. I; Joseph Amer, John Bathurst, Franklin Bateman, Henry Myers and John Watson, Co. K; Henry Jackson, John Smith and William L. Smith, Co. L.

The regiment lay at Cedar Creek several days, then fell back to near Win­chester and lay there in comfortable quarters until December 9^th, 1864, when, with the balance of the Corps it was ordered back to the Army of the Potomac, proceeding by rail to Washington, thence by boat to City Point.

Cedar Creek was the finish of the Valley. Early never had an army after that battle. The regiment went into camp along the Weldon railroad in en­trenchments and built the finest winter quarters the 102^nd ever had.

On the 25^th of March, 1865, Lee attacked us at Fort Steadman and cap­tured the Fort, as the attack was a great surprise. Their victory was very short-lived, as the Fort was soon retaken by our troops. The regiment lost at Fort Steadman, Petersburg, Va.:

KILLED, 1

W. H. Gould, Co. C.

WOUNDED, 10

Andrew C. Love and George B. McMurtrie, Co. A; Joseph Apt, Co. B; George Berger and William F. Hale, Co. D; W. W. Hunnewell, Co. E; Benjamin Johnston, Co. F; J. B. Gregory, Co. K; R. D. Duncan, Co. L; and John Snyder, Co. M.

March 27^th, 1865, the regiment with the balance of the Division marched to the Squirrel Cod Road and took position silently in sight of and in front of the rebel picket line. On the morning of April 2^nd, 1865, at 4:30, when the given signal was fired, the charge against the rebel lines was made. Rushing forward under heavy fire, the enemy line was pierced, and the beginning of the end of the war had come. The boys pressed on until they reached the Boydton Plank Road, thence to the South Side Railroad, tearing up the tracks. Wheaton’s

Brigade (ours) was left to guard the points gained. Petersburg surrendered on April 3^rd, 1865. The loss at the battle of Second Petersburg was one killed.

KILLED, 1

Henry Wamback, Co. I.

WOUNDED, 25

Col. James Patchell; Robert M. Blair and William H. Sweeney, Co. A; Lieut.- James Porter, Lemon Ward, George Bangert, Co. B ; Simon Stockwell, Richard Harvey and Aaron B. Whitaker, Co. C; William Fitzgerald, Isaac Grim and William Kerr, Co. D; Phillip W. Pringle, Co. E; James Malloy, Samuel Masonheimer and John McDowell, Co. F; William Storey, Co. H; William Yore, Co. I; John Renton, John Daniels, Henry B. Lane and Eli Dice, Co. K; James H. McGill and Samuel Dunire, Co. L; John E. Williams, Co. M.

This was the last fight in which the 102^nd Regiment met with any loss, al-though under fire every day until the surrender at Appomattox. Fortunately no one was hit. On April 4^th, 1865, the regiment crossed Winticomack Creek and camped about ten miles beyond. On April 5^th, 1865, at 3:00 A. M., they marched rapidly and went into position at Jettersville, expecting to run into the enemy. On the morning of April 6^th, 1865, at 6:00 A. M., the regiment started marching in the direction of Amelia Court House, took short cuts, paid no attention to roads, going through woods and -fields, but did not catch up to the retreating enemy. They had fled. During the night the regiment, with the entire 6^th Corps, marched from the right of the line to the left in the direction of Burkeville Junction. In the afternoon of April 7^th, 1865, marched through Deatonville, pushing on until they reached Sailors’ Creek. Although this was quite a warm fight, the 2^nd Division was not engaged, getting up on the double quick just in time to see the enemy surrender. This was the last victory of the Army of the Potomac. Lee surrendered April 9^th, 1865, at Appomattox Court House. The regiment reached Farmville the next morning. The regiment then marched to Burkeville Junction and camped there until April 23^rd, 1865. On that day the 6^th Corps started for Danville to join Sherman, arriving on April 27^th, and found that Johnston had surrendered. The regiment remained around Danville until May 16^th, 1865, when the regiment was brought to Rich­mond by rail, and from there to Washington on foot, marching through many of our battlefields. We camped at Balls’ Cross Roads.

On the 23^rd of May the regiment participated in the grand review at Wash­ington and was mustered out on June 28^th, 1865.

“THE WAR WAS OVER”

The following are casualties for which we find either no place or date: Company A—J. Patrick McKenna; wounded, no date.

Company B—John Keck; wounded, no date.

Company B—Daniel W. Morgan; wounded, no date.

Company D—Bernard Grogan ; killed, no date.

Company F—Absolom Swanger; wounded, discharged February 14^th, 1864. Company II—Andrew J. Pettigrew; died of wounds, August 2^nd, 1864.

Company H—John M. White; wounded, discharged December 18^th, 1862.

The aggregate enrollment of the 102^nd Regiment, P. V. V., was. in 1861, 1,117; 1862, 72; 1863, 79; 1864, 305; 1865, 565; no date, 6. Total, 2,144.

The original members who went out with the 102^nd in 1861 and returned to Pittsburgh with the regiment in 1865, were as follows: Officers, 26; Non-Commissioned, 97; Privates, 76.         Total, 199.

LOSSES IN BATTLE

Killed, 170; Wounded, 510; Died from disease, 81; Taken prisoners, 116; Missing, 3; Deserted, 137. Total, 1,017.

The 102^nd was also present (but sustained no losses) in the following battles, viz.: Siege of Yorktown, April 5^th to May 4^th, 1862; Antietam, Md., September 17^th, 1862; Fred­ericksburg, December 13^th, 1862; Gettysburg, July 2^nd and 3^rd, 1863; Rappahannock Station, November 7^th, 1863; Mine Run, North Anne, Totopomy, Charlestown, Sailor’s Creek, and Appomattox, Sunday, April 9^th, 1865.

TOTAL CASUALTIES